Waste Broker: What They Do, How They're Regulated and How to Choose One

A waste broker is a business that arranges the collection, recycling, treatment or disposal of waste on behalf of someone else, usually without ever owning or touching the waste itself. Brokers sit between the businesses that produce waste (shops, offices, factories, hospitals, construction sites) and the companies that physically move and process it (haulers, recyclers, treatment plants and landfills). They negotiate prices, choose contractors, coordinate collections, handle invoicing and, in many cases, manage the paperwork that the law requires.

Waste brokerage is a quiet but significant part of the waste industry. It can save businesses money and administrative effort, and it can improve recycling by matching waste streams to the right outlets. It is also a point in the waste chain where things can go badly wrong: when responsibility is passed through several hands, waste can end up dumped, burned illegally or shipped abroad to places that cannot handle it. That is why most developed countries require brokers to register and why the law in many places holds the original producer of waste responsible for what happens to it, no matter how many intermediaries are involved.

This article explains what waste brokers are, how they differ from other players in the industry, how they make money, how they are regulated in the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States, the international rules on cross-border waste shipments, the risks associated with brokerage, and how a business can choose and check a broker.

Definitions

The general meaning

Wikipedia describes a waste broker as someone in the waste industry who acts as an intermediary between waste producers and the haulers and truckers who collect waste. It notes that brokers source contractors, optimize services and aim to reduce waste costs while increasing the amount of material recovered.

The legal definition in the EU

The EU's Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC) provides the clearest legal definitions, and they have been copied into the laws of all EU member states and, before Brexit, into UK law. The Directive defines:

• Broker: "any undertaking arranging the recovery or disposal of waste on behalf of others, including such brokers who do not take physical possession of the waste."
• Dealer: "any undertaking which acts in the role of principal to purchase and subsequently sell waste, including such dealers who do not take physical possession of the waste."
• Waste holder: "the waste producer or the natural or legal person who is in possession of the waste."
• Waste producer: anyone whose activities produce waste (the original waste producer), or anyone who carries out pre-processing, mixing or other operations that change the nature or composition of the waste.
• Waste management: "the collection, transport, recovery (including sorting), and disposal of waste", including supervision of those operations and aftercare of disposal sites, and actions taken as a dealer or broker.

The important point in both the broker and dealer definitions is the phrase about physical possession. A broker does not need to drive a truck, own a yard or ever see the waste to be a regulated part of the waste chain.

Broker versus dealer

The two roles are easily confused:

• A broker arranges waste management for someone else. The waste remains the client's property and responsibility until it passes to the carrier or the processing site. The broker is a fixer and coordinator.
• A dealer buys and resells waste as a principal. A scrap metal trader who buys a load of metal from a factory and sells it to a smelter is acting as a dealer.

The UK government guidance puts it plainly: a dealer buys, sells or disposes of waste, while a broker arranges for someone else to buy, sell or dispose of it. Many companies do both, and some also transport waste, which makes them carriers too.

Who's who in the waste chain

In practice the lines blur. Large integrated waste companies collect, process and dispose of waste themselves, and they may also broker some services they don't provide directly. Some consultants also broker contracts. The legal question is always what the business actually does, not what it calls itself.

What waste brokers actually do

A typical commercial waste broker offers some or all of the following services.

Sourcing and procurement

The broker identifies haulers and processing facilities that can serve the client's sites, compares prices and service levels, and negotiates contracts. Because brokers buy services for many clients, they can often negotiate rates that a single business couldn't achieve. Wikipedia notes that brokers can usually get better prices through bulk buying power and established relationships with haulers.

Service design

A broker reviews what waste a business produces and how it is collected. Common improvements include changing container sizes, adjusting collection frequency so half-empty bins aren't collected, adding separate collections for recyclables or food waste, and installing compactors or balers so waste takes up less space.

Consolidation

For businesses with many locations, such as retail chains, restaurant groups or property managers, a broker can provide a single point of contact, a single invoice and a single set of reports across many local haulers. Wikipedia lists consolidation of sites, typically with one invoice, one point of contact and one report, as one of the main benefits brokers offer.

Backup and continuity

If a hauler misses collections or goes out of business, a broker with a network of contractors can switch to another provider. Wikipedia notes that brokers can keep backup haulers available to minimize interruptions.

Reporting and compliance support

Many brokers track volumes, recycling rates and costs, and provide data for sustainability reporting. Some also help clients with legal paperwork such as waste transfer notes, consignment notes or hazardous waste manifests, depending on the country. As discussed below, this support does not transfer the client's legal responsibility.

Specialist streams

Some brokers specialize. Wikipedia notes that some focus on recyclable commodities, others on hazardous waste, and some also deal in sustainable packaging, facilities services or waste equipment. Specialist streams include:

• Hazardous waste, such as solvents, oils, batteries, chemicals and contaminated materials.
• Clinical or healthcare waste.
• Construction and demolition waste.
• Electronic waste.
• Recyclable commodities such as cardboard, plastics, paper and metals, where the broker may find buyers.
• Confidential waste, such as documents requiring secure destruction.

Trade brokers and international deals

Wikipedia describes the trade broker as a type of waste broker that helps producers of recycled materials find buyers. While typical waste brokers operate locally or nationally, trade brokers may arrange shipments between countries. This is the area of brokerage where international law matters most, and it is discussed in its own section below.

How brokers make money

According to Wikipedia, brokers earn margins in two main ways: by buying services at a fair rate and adding a modest mark-up, or by implementing cost-saving measures and splitting the savings with the client. In practice, the common models are:

None of these models is inherently good or bad. What matters is transparency. A business should know what it is paying for, how the broker is paid and whether the broker has any incentive that conflicts with the client's interest. For example, a broker paid a percentage of hauling costs has little reason to reduce them, while a broker paid a share of savings has a reason to reduce costs but may cut service quality to do it.

A worked example (hypothetical)

The figures below are invented to illustrate how a shared-savings arrangement works. They do not describe any real company or market rate.

A business with ten shops pays a total of 60,000 a year (in any currency) for waste collection. A broker proposes to reduce collection frequency at sites where bins are half empty and to add a cardboard baling service, cutting the general waste going to disposal. After the changes, the annual bill falls to 48,000, a saving of 12,000.

Under a 50/50 shared-savings agreement, the broker receives 6,000 and the business keeps 6,000. The business's net cost is 48,000 + 6,000 = 54,000, which is still 6,000 lower than before. Under a 30% share, the broker receives 3,600, and the business's net cost is 51,600.

The example shows why baselines matter. If the baseline is set too high, for example by including a price rise that would never have happened, the broker is paid for savings that don't really exist.

Why regulators care about brokers

Most of the rules that apply to brokers are about one thing: keeping waste out of the hands of people who will dump it, burn it illegally or ship it to places where it causes harm.

Brokers matter here because they decide where the waste goes. A producer that hands its waste to a broker and never asks where it ends up may be funding illegal activity without knowing it. A broker that selects the cheapest bidder without checking credentials may route waste to a criminal operator. The regulatory response in most countries combines three ideas:

1. Registration: brokers must be registered or licensed, so regulators know who they are and can remove those who break the rules.
2. Duty of care or chain of custody: every party in the chain has a legal responsibility to make sure waste only goes to authorized people and places.
3. Paperwork: transfers of waste must be documented, so it can be traced from producer to final destination.

The scale of waste crime

Illegal waste activity is a serious problem. In England, a 2021 study by the consultancy Eunomia for the Environmental Services Association estimated that waste crime cost the English economy more than £924 million in 2018/19, up from an estimated £604 million in 2015. The estimate combines costs to the public sector, such as lost tax, costs to legitimate businesses, such as lost revenue, and environmental costs. A 2022 investigation by the National Audit Office found that the government and the Environment Agency understood the nature of waste crime but that the data they collected did not reflect its full extent.

Regulation in the European Union

The Waste Framework Directive

The Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) is the foundation of EU waste law. Beyond defining brokers and dealers, it:

• Requires that dealers and brokers be registered with the competent authorities if they are not already covered by a permit.
• Sets out responsibility for waste management: the original producer or other holder must either treat the waste themselves or hand it to a dealer, broker or establishment that carries out waste treatment. Member states may decide that responsibility for arranging waste management is shared along the chain.
• Establishes the waste hierarchy: prevention, preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery (including energy recovery) and disposal, in that order of priority.
• Requires record-keeping for hazardous waste by producers, collectors, transporters, dealers and brokers.

The Directive has been amended several times, most recently by a targeted revision that entered into force in October 2025, introducing extended producer responsibility for textiles and footwear and measures on food waste.

The Waste Shipment Regulation

Waste exported from, imported into or moved within the EU is governed by the Waste Shipment Regulation. The current version, Regulation (EU) 2024/1157, entered into force on 20 May 2024 and generally applies from 21 May 2026. It tightens controls on exports, particularly to countries outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). According to the European Commission:

• Exports of hazardous plastic waste and hard-to-recycle plastic waste from the EU to non-OECD countries are already banned.
• From 21 May 2026, all plastic waste exports are subject to the prior notification and consent procedure.
• From 21 November 2026, exports of all plastic waste to non-OECD countries are banned, a ban that runs until at least 21 May 2029, after which non-OECD countries may ask to receive certain plastic waste if they can show they manage it soundly.

For trade brokers arranging cross-border movements, these rules decide what can be shipped where and under what paperwork.

Regulation in the United Kingdom

Registration in England

In England, anyone who carries, buys, sells or disposes of waste, or arranges for someone else to do so, must currently register with the Environment Agency as a waste carrier, broker or dealer. The government's guidance is blunt: you can get an unlimited fine if you don't register.

Registrations are either upper tier or lower tier. Lower tier generally covers businesses that only carry waste they produce themselves and certain low-risk categories; a business that arranges waste management for others will normally need upper tier registration. According to GOV.UK at the time of writing:

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own registration systems, run by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Natural Resources Wales and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency respectively.

The duty of care

The most important legal rule for anyone using a broker in Britain is the duty of care in section 34 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. The government's statutory code of practice, issued under section 34(7) of that Act, explains how it works. Key points:

• The duty applies to anyone who imports, produces, carries, keeps, treats or disposes of controlled waste, or acts as a dealer or broker with control of it.
• Dealers and brokers must be registered, even if they never take possession of the waste.
• When a broker or dealer is used, every party in the chain shares the duty to make sure the waste goes only to an authorized person.
• Each transfer of waste must be documented with a written description, including the waste classification code, quantity, how it is contained, the time and place of transfer, the parties' names, addresses and registration or permit numbers, and a statement that the waste hierarchy has been applied. Where a broker or dealer is involved, their details and registration number must be included.
• Non-hazardous waste transfer records must be kept for 2 years. Hazardous waste consignment notes must be kept for 3 years. Landfill operators have longer requirements.
• Carriers, dealers and brokers must show proof of registration when asked by a police officer or an authorized officer of the regulator or a local authority.
• Failing to meet the duty of care is a criminal offense, with no upper limit on fines. Fixed penalty notices may be issued instead of prosecution in some cases.

The code also recommends that waste producers check registrations on the public register and keep a record of those checks as evidence of compliance.

Reform: from registration to permits

England is replacing the carrier, broker and dealer registration system with a permitting regime. The Environmental Permitting (Waste Controlling or Transporting) and Relevant Functions of Primary Authorities (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2026 were made on 22 July 2026, after approval by both Houses of Parliament. They bring people who control or transport waste into the environmental permitting system established in 2016. The new regime uses three categories:

According to legal commentary from the law firm Clyde & Co, applicants will face identity verification and criminal record checks intended to exclude people linked to organized waste crime, and operators will need to show technical competence: the knowledge, skills and experience to transport waste or make decisions about its handling. Fees are to be set on a cost-recovery basis. Trade press reporting indicates a transition period of about twelve months, with new competence requirements expected to take effect from July 2027 and many existing upper-tier registrants moving across when their current registrations expire. The changes apply in England only; Wales is keeping the existing registration system. Businesses should check the Environment Agency's guidance for exact dates and charges.

Regulation in the United States

Hazardous waste under RCRA

In the United States, hazardous waste is regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), administered by the Environmental Protection Agency and authorized states. RCRA creates what is often called a "cradle to grave" system: hazardous waste is tracked from the generator, through transporters, to the treatment, storage or disposal facility.

The central tracking document is the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest. Under the Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest Establishment Act, signed into law on 5 October 2012, the EPA built a national electronic system called e-Manifest. According to the EPA's fact sheet for brokers:

• Brokers need an EPA identification number to register with e-Manifest. They obtain it by submitting EPA Form 8700-12 to their state or EPA region.
• With e-Manifest, brokers can track manifest activity, prepare manifests electronically for their generator clients and make pending manifests available to them.
• Brokers cannot sign manifests on behalf of their generator clients. The generator's signature remains the generator's responsibility.
• Manifests can be paper, electronic or hybrid. For hybrid manifests, the generator keeps a signed copy for three years.

This rule captures a basic principle of U.S. hazardous waste law: a broker can do much of the work, but the generator remains legally responsible for its waste.

Liability under CERCLA

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, adds another layer. Under CERCLA, the parties who can be held liable for cleaning up contaminated sites include the generators who arranged for disposal of the hazardous substances. Liability under CERCLA does not depend on fault, and courts have generally treated it as strict and, in many cases, joint and several. In plain terms, a company that sent hazardous waste to a site that later had to be cleaned up can be pursued for cleanup costs even if it used a broker, hired a licensed transporter and followed the rules at the time. This is one of the strongest reasons for businesses in the U.S. to choose brokers and disposal facilities carefully.

Non-hazardous commercial waste

For ordinary, non-hazardous commercial waste, U.S. regulation is mainly local and state-level. Cities and counties may license haulers, set franchise systems in which one hauler serves a zone, or require recycling of certain materials. Brokers working in this market often operate nationally, coordinating local haulers across many jurisdictions. Requirements for brokers themselves vary widely by state and city, so businesses should check local rules.

International rules: the Basel Convention

When brokers arrange shipments of waste between countries, international law applies. The main treaty is the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.

The Convention aims to reduce the generation of hazardous waste, promote its environmentally sound management, restrict cross-border movements except where they are consistent with sound management, and regulate the movements that are allowed.

Its central mechanism is prior informed consent. Before hazardous waste can be exported, the exporting country must notify the importing country and any transit countries and provide detailed information. The shipment may proceed only when all the countries concerned have given written consent.

The Convention treats a movement as illegal traffic if it is carried out without the required notifications and consents or does not conform with them. In such cases, the states involved are responsible for ensuring safe disposal, which may include re-importing the waste into the country where it was generated.

The Ban Amendment prohibits exports of hazardous waste from certain developed countries to developing countries. The plastic waste amendments brought many types of plastic waste under the Convention's control, so that mixed or contaminated plastic waste generally needs prior informed consent to be exported.

The United States signed the Basel Convention but has not ratified it, which complicates exports from the U.S. to countries that are parties. Trade brokers operating internationally need to understand the rules in both exporting and importing countries.

How a brokered service is set up in practice

The steps below describe a typical sequence when a business brings in a broker. Details vary by country and by broker, but the shape is similar.

1. Waste review. The broker gathers information about each site: what waste is produced, in what quantities, how it is stored, how often it is collected and what is paid. Good brokers visit sites or ask for photos of bin stores, because invoices alone rarely show whether containers are overflowing or half empty.
2. Classification. Each waste stream is identified and, where required, given its legal classification. In Britain and the EU this means the List of Waste (European Waste Catalogue) code; in the U.S., hazardous wastes are identified by their RCRA waste codes. Getting classification right matters, because it determines which facilities can legally accept the waste and what paperwork is needed.
3. Proposal. The broker proposes a service design, such as different container sizes, new recycling streams or changes to collection frequency, along with prices and contract terms.
4. Contractor selection. The broker chooses haulers and facilities, ideally checking their permits and registrations and confirming the final destination of each stream.
5. Mobilization. Containers are delivered or swapped, collection schedules are set and staff are told what goes where. This step is often underestimated: new recycling streams fail if staff are not shown how to use them.
6. Documentation. Transfer notes, consignment notes or manifests are set up. In Britain, regular non-hazardous collections are often covered by an annual "season ticket" transfer note, valid for up to one year, rather than a note for every collection.
7. Monitoring. The broker tracks invoices, missed collections, tonnages and contamination, and reports to the client. Problems such as contaminated recycling bins are flagged and fixed.
8. Review. At intervals, the service is reviewed against the original goals and adjusted.

Brokers and the waste hierarchy

The waste hierarchy in EU and UK law ranks options in order: prevention, preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery such as energy recovery, and finally disposal. Brokers mostly work in the middle of the hierarchy, moving waste from disposal to recycling or recovery by finding outlets and organizing separate collections. They have less influence over prevention, which depends on what the client buys and how it operates, but a good broker will point out where waste could be avoided altogether, for example by switching to reusable transit packaging with suppliers. In Britain, every waste transfer note must include a statement confirming that the waste hierarchy duty has been applied, so producers are expected to consider these options, not just the cheapest route.

Benefits and drawbacks of using a broker

Potential benefits

Wikipedia lists the main benefits that brokers claim to offer: an unbiased approach to best practice, less waste going to landfill, agreements that can change with a business's needs, consolidated services with one invoice and one point of contact, and generally lower costs with better control over price rises. In fairness to that list, "unbiased" holds only where the broker's financial model doesn't favor particular contractors, which is something a client needs to check.

Brokers are particularly useful for:

• Multi-site businesses that would otherwise manage many separate contracts.
• Businesses without in-house waste expertise.
• Organizations seeking better recycling or data for sustainability reporting.
• Producers of specialist or hazardous waste who need access to specialist facilities.

Potential drawbacks

• Added cost. A broker's fee or mark-up is an extra layer. If it isn't matched by savings, the business pays more.
• Opacity. Clients may not know which hauler or facility is handling their waste, or what each party is paid.
• Responsibility doesn't transfer. In the UK, the EU and the U.S., using a broker does not remove the producer's legal duties. A business that relies entirely on a broker without checking anything remains exposed.
• Service gaps. A broker may not have direct control over haulers, so missed collections can take longer to resolve.
• Risk of criminal operators. A broker that chooses contractors purely on price may route waste to illegal operators.

How to choose and vet a waste broker

The following checklist draws on the legal requirements described above. It is general guidance, not legal advice.

Step 1: Check registration or permits

• In England, check the broker's registration on the Environment Agency public register. Upper tier registration numbers start with "CBDU". As the new permitting regime takes effect, check for the relevant waste controlling permit.
• In Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, check the relevant regulator's register.
• In the EU, check the national or regional register required under the Waste Framework Directive.
• In the U.S., for hazardous waste, check that the broker has an EPA ID number and that each transporter and facility is properly permitted.
• Keep a record of every check.

Step 2: Ask where the waste goes

Ask the broker to name, in writing, the haulers and facilities that will handle each waste stream, and check their permits or registrations too. A reputable broker should be willing to tell you. Be wary of a broker that won't say where your waste ends up.

Step 3: Understand the fee model

Ask how the broker is paid: mark-up, fee, shared savings, commodity margin or a combination. Ask for a breakdown of what you pay the broker compared with what the broker pays contractors, if that is part of the agreement. If shared savings are proposed, agree the baseline in writing before work begins.

Step 4: Check the paperwork

• In Britain, confirm who will prepare waste transfer notes and hazardous waste consignment notes, and make sure you receive copies. Keep them for at least the legal minimum.
• In the U.S., confirm how manifests will be prepared and remember that the generator must sign. Track returned manifests.
• For exports, ask what notifications and consents are in place.

Step 5: Ask for evidence of outcomes

Ask what data the broker will provide: tonnages by waste stream, recycling rates, final destinations and costs. Ask how recycling rates are calculated. Claims such as "zero waste to landfill" should be backed by facility-level evidence, since waste sent to incineration with energy recovery is not landfilled but is not recycled either.

Step 6: Read the contract

Look at the length of the contract, notice periods, automatic renewal clauses, price increase terms, liability and indemnity clauses, and what happens if a hauler fails. Short contracts with clear termination rights give you leverage if service is poor.

Step 7: Audit occasionally

Visit a facility, request copies of contractor permits, or check a sample of transfer notes against the waste you produced. Periodic checks are the best defense against problems further down the chain.

Red flags

Common misconceptions

"If I use a broker, the waste is their problem." Not in law. In Britain, the duty of care is shared by everyone in the chain. In the EU, the original producer remains responsible unless national law explicitly shares or transfers it. In the U.S., a broker cannot sign a hazardous waste manifest for the generator, and CERCLA can reach generators decades later.

"Brokers are just middlemen who add cost." Some are. Others save clients more than they charge, by redesigning services, consolidating contracts and finding recycling outlets. The value depends on the broker and the contract.

"A broker and a hauler are the same thing." A hauler or carrier physically moves waste. A broker arranges for it to be moved and processed. Some firms do both, but they are different legal roles and, in Britain and the EU, require the correct registration.

"Recyclables sent abroad are always recycled." Not necessarily. That is one reason the Basel Convention's plastic waste amendments and the EU's new waste shipment rules were introduced, adding consent procedures and, from November 2026, banning EU plastic waste exports to non-OECD countries.

"Small businesses don't need to worry about any of this." The duty of care in Britain applies to any business producing waste, regardless of size. Fines are unlimited.

Frequently asked questions

Is a waste broker the same as a waste management company?

Not exactly. A waste management company usually owns vehicles and facilities. A broker arranges services provided by others. Many large waste management companies also broker some services, and some brokers own some equipment, so the line can blur.

Do I need a broker?

Not usually. Most businesses can contract directly with a licensed hauler. A broker tends to make most sense for organizations with many sites, complex waste streams, hazardous waste or limited internal expertise.

Does a broker have to be registered?

In England, yes, currently as a waste carrier, broker or dealer, moving to a permit under the new regime. In the EU, brokers must be registered under the Waste Framework Directive. In the U.S., hazardous waste brokers who use e-Manifest need an EPA ID; other requirements vary by state.

Who is liable if a broker's contractor dumps my waste illegally?

It depends on the facts and the jurisdiction, but you may be. In Britain, if you did not take reasonable steps to check where your waste was going, you can be prosecuted under the duty of care. In the U.S., CERCLA liability for hazardous substances can apply to generators regardless of fault.

Can a broker sign my paperwork?

In the U.S., brokers cannot sign hazardous waste manifests on behalf of generators. In Britain, the transfer note must be signed by the parties to the transfer. A broker can prepare paperwork, but you should check and keep copies.

How long should I keep waste records?

In England and Wales, the code of practice says non-hazardous waste transfer records must be kept for two years and hazardous waste consignment notes for three years. Under the U.S. e-Manifest system, a generator keeps its signed copy of a hybrid manifest for three years. Other jurisdictions have their own rules.

How do I check a broker's registration in England?

Search the Environment Agency's public register of waste carriers, brokers and dealers, or call the agency. Keep a note of the date and result of your check.

Are waste brokers allowed to export waste?

Yes, if they comply with the rules. For hazardous waste and many plastic wastes, the Basel Convention requires prior informed consent from the importing and transit countries. EU exporters must also follow the Waste Shipment Regulation, which bans exports of hazardous and hard-to-recycle plastic waste to non-OECD countries, and from 21 November 2026 all plastic waste exports to non-OECD countries.

What's the difference between a broker's "recycling rate" and the real recycling rate?

A broker may report the share of waste sent to recycling facilities. Some of that material is later rejected as contaminated and disposed of. Ask how the figure is calculated and whether it reflects what is actually recycled.

Summary

A waste broker arranges the collection, recovery and disposal of waste for others, usually without owning or handling it. Brokers can save clients money, simplify administration across many sites and improve recycling. Because they decide where waste goes, they are also a point of risk, and regulators in the EU, the UK and the U.S. require registration or permits and impose strict documentation rules. Above all, using a broker does not hand over legal responsibility: the waste producer remains accountable for making sure its waste reaches authorized hands. Businesses that choose a broker should check registrations, ask where waste goes, understand how the broker is paid, keep the paperwork and audit periodically.

Sources

• Waste broker – Wikipedia
• Directive 2008/98/EC (Waste Framework Directive), Article 3 – legislation.gov.uk
• Register or renew as a waste carrier, broker or dealer (England) – GOV.UK
• Waste duty of care: code of practice – GOV.UK
• Carriers, Brokers and Dealers Reform: Transition to the 'Controlling or Transporting' Regime – Clyde & Co
• CIWM competence scheme moves into delivery as waste permitting reforms become law – Circular Online
• Waste crime costs England almost a billion pounds a year – Circular Online
• Investigation into government's actions to combat waste crime in England – National Audit Office
• e-Manifest Fact Sheet: Brokers – U.S. EPA
• Overview of the Basel Convention – Basel Convention Secretariat
• Plastic Waste Amendments: FAQs – Basel Convention
• Plastic waste shipments – European Commission