What is Argument from incredulity?
Argument from incredulity, also known as argument from personal incredulity, appeal to common sense, or the divine fallacy, is a fallacy in informal logic. It asserts that a proposition must be false because it contradicts one's personal expectations or beliefs, or is difficult to imagine.
Forms of Argument from incredulity
Arguments from incredulity can take the form:
- I cannot imagine how P could be true; therefore P must be false.
- I cannot imagine how P could be false; therefore P must be true.
Why it matters
Arguments from incredulity can sometimes arise from inappropriate emotional involvement, the conflation of fantasy and reality, a lack of understanding, or an instinctive 'gut' reaction, especially where time is scarce. They are also frequently used to argue that something must be supernatural in origin. This form of reasoning is fallacious because one's inability to imagine how a statement can be true or false gives no information about whether the statement is true or false in reality.
History
There is no specific information about the origin or history of the term "Argument from incredulity" in the provided source. However, the concept has been discussed and criticized in various philosophical and logical works throughout history.
Examples
Examples of argument from incredulity can be seen in everyday conversations and debates. For instance, someone might say "I don't believe in the possibility of extraterrestrial life" and conclude that it is impossible. Another example is when someone says "I cannot imagine how a machine can be conscious" and concludes that artificial intelligence is impossible.
Relation to critical thinking
Argument from incredulity is a common pitfall in critical thinking, as it relies on personal biases and emotions rather than evidence and logical reasoning. It can lead to the rejection of new ideas, discoveries, and perspectives, hindering progress and understanding.
Conclusion
Argument from incredulity is a fallacious form of reasoning that can have far-reaching consequences in various fields, including science, philosophy, and politics. By recognizing and avoiding this fallacy, individuals can engage in more constructive and evidence-based discussions, fostering a more nuanced and informed understanding of the world.
FAQ
What is the definition of Argument from incredulity? Argument from incredulity is a fallacy in informal logic that asserts a proposition must be false because it contradicts one's personal expectations or beliefs, or is difficult to imagine.
How can I avoid using Argument from incredulity in my reasoning? To avoid using Argument from incredulity, focus on evidence and logical reasoning, and try to separate your personal biases and emotions from the discussion.
Is Argument from incredulity always a conscious decision? Argument from incredulity can sometimes arise from instinctive or emotional reactions, rather than a conscious decision to reject an idea.
Can Argument from incredulity be a sign of a deeper issue? Yes, Argument from incredulity can be a sign of a lack of understanding, emotional involvement, or a conflation of fantasy and reality.
Is Argument from incredulity limited to specific fields or topics? Argument from incredulity can be seen in various fields and topics, including science, philosophy, politics, and everyday conversations.